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  You are entering the Archeological Open-Air Museum in Bøezno near Louny. The site originated as a result of longterm archeological research begun in the 50's. The findings from various periods of the primaeval and historic ages led the author of the research, PhDr. Ivana Pleinerová, CSc., to rest the ancient methods and skills in building by way of experiment, and to test the function of such buildings. The experiments carried out in Bøezno in the 80's and the early 90's resulted of the ceration of this museum. Its scientific value is recognized worldwide. The Open-Air Museum in now a part of the District Museum of Louny, whose employees are delighted to welcome you here and hope you will find it a fascinating experience. The so-called long house from the late stonge age (about 4000 B. C., the period of the stroke ornamented ware) with the pile skelet. The side walls are made from hewn planks, the front wall is wickered from thick wands and plstered with clay. The door is in the fron wall. The ground plan is of a trapezoid shape, the narrowest back wall facing north, against the prevailing northern winds. The ridge roof declines slightly towards the back wall. It is covered with reed thatch, teid to the rafters with raw cowhide straps. Inside, an open fireside and a deposit bench are located in the south-east part of the house. This house was inhabited as a part of the experiment. The aim was to test the temperature conditions in a house of this size during the winter. The early Slavic hut from the 6th century, partly dug into the ground, is built upon an oblong ground plan with round edges. The interior walls are re-inforced with the wand/spray wickerword. The ridge roof, covered with reed, is supported by two piles bearing the ridge and the rafters. Both walls and the front are plastered with loam, i.e. clay mixed with husks, cut straw, and grass. The loam plaster is applied partly to the roof as well. The hut is equipped with an open fireside in the norhwest corner, and with a simple bed. It is surrounded by a hurdle fence. This hut was the first house built in Bøezno in the early 80's. It was used for experimental living during the winter. The results of the experiment about the temperature conditions in the houses of the first Slavic inhabitants in our country were of great historical and archeological value. Corn deposit pit from the early Slavic period. It is of cylindric shape with a ridge roof. Such pits were used for storing corn, which was used both for sowing and for immediate consumption. The inside of such a pit was baked and then lined with straw. When filled with corn, the pit was covered with lid consisting of layers of wood, straw, clay, and sods. Thus, the deposit was closed hermetically; inside, a kind of microclimate was established, which protected the corn from decay. Such pits are common in Slavic sites. A load of corn was deposited here experimentally, while the inside temperature, the durability, and the germinating power of the corn were measured on a long-term scale of 3 years. A Slavic corn deposit pit with a cone roof of reed thatch. This pit is of a bottle shape with a narrow neck and a wide bottom. It served the same purpose as the previous one, and was cared for and closed in the same way. The early Slavic hut from the 6th century, partly dug into the ground, is built upon an oblong ground plan with round edges. The interior walls are re-inforced with the wand/spray wickerword. The ridge roof, covered with reed, is supported by two piles bearing the ridge and the rafters. Both walls and the front are plaster is applied partly to the roof as well. The hut is equipped with an open fireside in the northwest corner, and with a simple bed. It is surrounded by a hurdle fence. This hut was the first house built in Bøezno in the early 80's. It was used for experimental living during the winter. The results of the experiment about the temperature conditions in the houses of the first Slavic inhabitants in our country were of great historical and archeological value. Corn deposit pit from the early Slavic period. It is of cylindric shape with a ridge roof. Such pits were used for storing corn, which was used both for sowing and for immediate consumption. The inside of such a pit was baked and then lined with straw. When filled with corn, the pit was covered with a lid consisting of layers of wood, straw, clay, and sods. Thus, the deposit was closed hermetically; inside, a kind of microclimate was established, which protected the corn from decay. Such pits are common in Slavic sites. A load of corn was deposited here experimentally, while the inside temperature, the durability, and the germainating power of the corn were measured on a long-term scale of 3 years. A Slavic corn deposit pit with a cone roof reed thatch. This pit is of a bottle shape with a narrow neck and wide bottom. It served the same purpose as the previous one, and was cared for and closed in the same way. A Germanic hut from the period of the migration of the nations - 6th century. This oblong building has a pile skelet and ridge roof covered with reed thatch. The walls are made out of hewn planks and plastered with loam. The door has a bar operated by a simple key from the outside. The research did not unearth a fireplace in the remains of the ancient hut. What was found here were a set of weaving weights, which testify the manufacturing purpose of the hut. A simple weaving loom is reconstructed in this house, on which the weaving of clothes was carried out as a part of the experiment.The equipment of the hut consists of a cut water trough, the weaving weights replica made of clay, and a vessel. A raised flowerbed reinforced with a hurdle, scheduled for medicinal or utility plants. A Slavic timber hut from the 9th century has a roughly quadrangular ground plan, and is slightly dug down into the ground. The walls are made of planks joined by a dovetail fitting to the corner beams. The gaps between the logs are filled with clay. The roof is covered with straw thatch, and has several openings to let the smoke out. The door has a bar operated by a simple key from the outside. The hut contains full inner equipment, as far as it is known from the local finds and from similar finds at Slavic sites elsewhere. There is a furnance made of stone and clay inside. Amongst others, the equipment contains sleeping benches, pottery and tool replicas, and a small stone mill for grinding corn. This hut was also inhabited by a family with young children during the summer as the part of the experiment. It gave us an insight into the running of a common Slavic household of the 9th century. A Slavic potters from the 9th century, built into a slope over a riverbed. The firebox is placed on the eastern side, which served for manipulation with the pottery. The furnance is protected by a simple rooflet and a wall made of hewn planks.bøezno u loun, en text Both primaeval and Slavic fashions of earthenware were repeatedly baked here, while monitored by experts, as another part of the experiment. The resulting replicas are exhibited as part of the equipment of the houses. This furnance is the only part of the Museum which was not found here. It was built according to an actual find from the Nitra - Lupka site in Slovac Republic. A pit for baking the pottery on an open fireside. It si sheltered by a light hurdle fence from the eastern winds. This method of primitive baking of pottery had been used since primaeval times. |
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